Saturday, 1 April 2017

Lecture: Visual Subtext Parts I & II


Semiotics in cinema:

Inflation of images = recession of meaning

Visual Subtext example:


  • Oranges foreshadowing death in The Godfather
  • Fight Club: Starbucks coffee cup  in every shot to indicate consumerism and globalisation

Rules of subtext:
  1. Subtext must be organic to the story
  2. The undefined is more powerful than the defined
  3. Think laterally
Undefined + Lateral = Universal

How to add subtext to film:
  • Semiology (semiotics)
  • Speculation allows audience engagement
  • More subtext = more engagement

Alex Buono's 7 Ways to add subtext:

1. Art Direction:
  • The Last Emperor: Grey to red to orange to yellow to green to blue to indigo to violet to white indicating stages of his life
  • Guardians of the Galaxy:Hubble images inspired colour pallet of film

2. Costume Design:
  • Used to expand characterisation (Gladiator when character's costume literally turns into the image of a deity)

3. Hair Design:
  • Collateral: Tom Cruise's hair is grey to represent his character and is mirrored back to him from the grey fur of the wolf at the end.

4. Makeup Design:
  • The Dark Knight: The Joker, Francis Bacon's art was Chris Nolan's inspiration
5. Sound Design:
  • 80% of film is sound and helps us process what we see. (Raging Bull; animal sounds added for fight scenes)
6. Lighting Design:
  • Reference Apocalypse Now
7. Camera Operating:
  • Black Swan: Dancer was taught how to use a camera
Allegory = Telling a story through a story






Friday, 31 March 2017

Research: Selected Text



This book by Terry Eagleton about cultural theory and post-modernism interested me because he addresses a lot of things that are undermined by the "dogmatic" approach of people who believe that their truth about life is the "absolute truth". Many of these things include human virtues and what it means to actually have human nature if there is one at all. 


“Because we are able to be false to our natures, there is some virtue in our being true to them. It may be then that we resemble toads in the sense that we, too, have a nature, in the sense of a way of living which is peculiar to being a successful human, and which, if we are true to it, will allow us to prosper. It is just that we are not sure what it is.”

“Because of language and labour, and the cultural possibilities they bring in their wake, we can transform what we are in ways that non-linguistic animals cannot. To discover what we are, to know our own natures, we have to think hard about it; and the result is that we have come up over the centuries with a bewildering array of versions of what it is to be human.”

- Eagleton, T (2004), After Theory, 1st edn, Penguin Group



The quote highlighted above is what really spoke to me through this passage. This being from my perspective, it's absolutely right. No single thing defines our own nature so we have to stop and think about who we actually are. Also, it speaks of the ever changing definitions of what human nature really is. But the quote is suggesting that there is no single definition of human nature as there is for the nature of a toad as Eagleton plainly puts it. We are complex beings and we all have different approaches to what the nature of a human being is. This in turn makes all have different and individual philosophies of being human and living life. 

From my understanding of  the quote, it asks the question of if we really can be called a collective species like that of a wolf pack, a flock of birds (or a toad as Eagleton describes); when in reality, in western culture at least, we all live in a society of capitalism and work for our own interests, beliefs and truths rather than together as a species. 




Thursday, 30 March 2017

NEW MODULE: Exploring Meaning Through Narrative

The Brief:

For this module, I'm required to select a text from the public library as an ignition to spark an idea for a short film or animation. Sound design is particularly focused in on for this module and how it will aid the meaning of the project.

Wednesday, 22 March 2017

Module Evaluation/Report

Practice In Action Module Report

Beginning this module, my group members and I discussed what our strengths and weaknesses were so that we could decide on what roles we would take in this project. My role was director due to the group’s confidence that I could be fair and organised. And I believed that from day one, we would all work with each other and not for each other.  In regards to idea development, initially the majority of the group was keen to include an element of gore in the story; this was more or less the starting point after we drew our four pictures to create themes. Incorporating our final themes of isolation and oppression, we discussed making one idea with graphic representations of gore in the form of art and we chose to use isolation in the theme of mental health in a protagonist stuck in an abusive relationship.

When pitching our final two ideas, I felt that we were confident and unbiased in explaining our ideas. Idea one was chosen; the idea about a woman creating with her own blood in a world where creativity is illegal. What was challenging when we were making the screenplay was how we could imply the world’s lore of illegal creativity without plainly telling our audience through posters or news articles within the frames of the film. We struggled in deciding what the end painting would actually be and if it should be washed away at the end.

Resolving these problems, we created a sub plot within the film about the protagonist’s loss of a child she had taken away from her. This implied the oppression we wanted and it also gave us the final painting design which was a fetus.

On the first two days of production, we were organised in most respects; however, upon reviewing the raw film, it was clear that we’d made a mistake with the lighting. In trying to create a dark mood in the garage, we’d cut down masses amounts of light and there was little information being received by the camera as shown not only by the footage but by the scopes in Davinci Resolve. And when trying to raise the exposure, the amount of noise in the frame was too large to ignore.

The only way we could resolve this was to reshoot everything with a brighter setting and then darken the scenes in post. In doing it all again, the results were much more rewarding and successful when grading the raw film.

As far as production went, I feel that I’ve taken away a lot in regards to working with others and agreeing on a group idea. I found that being director involved a lot of listening but a lot of decision making. I had to make sure that everything that was being brought to me for review such as sounds, score and painting designs; everything was suitable enough for the story and conveys our message effectively.

I will also take away from this what it is to work with people under stress and keeping people motivated. When announcing to the group our reshoot plans, we were set back a little but I found that being keeping everyone motivated even under the stress of reshoot was effective in keeping quality in performance and efficiency on set.

In editing, myself and Ellie were responsible for the visual editing side of the film while Oscar and Fi were responsible for editing and creating the sound and score for the film. Personally I think that dividing the post work in this way proved to be effective as we each had a specific area to perfect.
Now that the final cut has been exported, I can say that I am pleased with what we’ve achieved in creating this short film. From a personal point of view, it’s not a genre I would be particularly interesting in watching. However, from a directorial point of view, I feel that we have utilised the visual components we selected and combined them with sound to create a film with a story that is visibly shown to transpire through the perspective of one character faced under oppression.
I particularly like the way sound was used to tell the sub plot within the story of the protagonist’s child that got taken away from her. This sequence of sounds explaining this context motivates her drive to finish her painting; using up her last ounces of strength to complete it and not run from the police to save herself.

Saying all of this, I feel that the film could have done with more scenes to distinguish when tension slows down and speeds up. Due to the five minute limit on the time, everything happens a little bit faster than I think it needs to be but never the less, the same tension and meaning is still put across in my opinion. I also think that we could have taken greater measures to acquire better costumes for the police as we were limited with the resources and budget.

Were we to shoot this film again, I would take more time to plan out the shots individually; focusing in more on the development of visual components and the golden ratio; so that we can save a lot of time on production and keep things running smoothly. I would also plan more days to do a proper recce and test shoots in order to avoid the lighting problem we faced. On that note, I would also hook up the camera to an external monitor to double check how the shot looks on a bigger screen. Furthermore, I would do more reviews of footage on set; checking the light scopes and making sure that we have the right settings, lighting and camera angles so that things can continue to run smooth.  In summary, I feel we worked well as a group and shared our ideas equally and listened to each other respectively; this was a successful group project.

Analysis of the final cut


Line:



Line is mostly used to show the protagonist's discomfort and stress. This is demonstrated through the lines in the props and set. They draw the audiences eye off to a tangent which creates disorientation and thus discomfort.


Shape:



For the purpose of intensity, two shapes are used specifically in relation the protagonist. Squares are present when the protagonist is doing their  "routine" performance; being that they do what they normally would each time they come to the art studio. It suggests a sense of equilibrium for the audience. However, whenever circles come into shot, that's where emotion starts to come in.




 For example, the quarter of the circle in the corner of the frame as she strokes the painting with emotion, the moment when she opens the jar; the circular lid foreshadows the trigger of the emotion of sadness, the final painting is in a circle to reflect the polices' changing perspective of it; they begin to look at it more on an emotional level.


Tone:




For the intense scenes, tone is contrasted to make the frame staggered. For example, the police always wear black in a white walled garage which shows they are permanently contrasting against the protagonist's studio due to the large dynamic range. The protagonist also where black on white later in the film to add to the contrast. However, this is done midway through as a way of foreshadowing that she will soon be in danger. 


When she arrives, she wears a colour that creates more affinity to the walls and the canvas showing that she is meant to be there in the first place; due to  the shorter dynamic range. This shows that all is currently calm as she sets up her studio to carry on with her painting.


Her skin tone is also in affinity to the cream coloured canvas as she touches it and paints on it. Again reducing the intensity and creating more affinity of tone to indicate that she and the painting are connected.


Colour:



To an extent, we used the Pleasntville effect in colour grading to make the protagonist saturated and the environment excluding the canvas, desaturated. We did this showing that she does not belong in the world she's in. Here, colour shows her passion for creativity in a world where it is prohibited. 


Desaturated the environment also enhances the red in the canvas making it stand out a lot more to the audience. It can either overwhelm them in shock knowing it's made from blood and/or it overwhelms them in the hipe of seeing colour in a film where it is highly limited or at most bland or in a low saturation.


Narrative:

Protagonist's want = to create her final masterpiece
Protagonist's need = to let go of her vengeance and anger
Protagonist's flaw = the traumatic memories of her forced abortion

Antagonist = The oppression inflicted by the government

Act 1:
  • Introduction to protagonist and the police pursuing her in a tense opening
  • Introduction to the protagonist's work space and their "call" to finish their painting
  • Introduce the police broadcast in pursuit of a "suspect"

Act 2:
  • Discover the protagonist's love for her child that was taken from her
  • Point of no return, she cuts herself to use her blood as paint
  • Police grow closer forcing her to paint faster

Act 3:
  • Protagonist uses everything they have left to finish their painting and then faces the police
  • She is held down and apparently 'loses' until the police are changed by looking at the painting
  • Protagonist has achieved her goal and is more wiser at the end in changing the police's emotions towards the painting








Tuesday, 21 March 2017

The Final Cut: Cassiopeia


Summary:
Cassiopeia is based in a world where all creativity has been banned by the government in an effort to increase human efforts into science and the military. For one such woman however, the ban has taken more than just her freedom of expression away from her, a child that she long to nurture and raise for so long was taken away from her too. This sent her on a path of extreme determination and 'liberation' to create the ultimate final masterpiece that could potentially change the world.

Post Production: Adding Sound





Today was the final day of editing. Oscar worked on the score, giving me regular samples to get my opinion and Fi worked on the foley and other sound effects in the film through Premiere. I also advised her on the best places to add certain sounds for the effect and raising and dropping intensity.